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Basics: Project 072z ESP32 Development board with Nokia 5110 Graphical LCD module

of Acoptex.com in ESP8266 ESP-32

Basics: Project 072z

Project name: ESP32 Development board with Nokia 5110 Graphical LCD module

Tags: ESP32 Dev Module, ESP32 development board, ESP32 Development board with WiFi and Bluetooth, ESP32-DevKitC V4 development board, ESP-WROOM-32 module with ESP32‑D0WDQ6 chip, Espressif Systems, ESP32-based development board, ESP32 modules, ESP32-WROOM-32, ESP32-WROOM-32U, ESP32-WROOM-32D, ESP32-SOLO-1, USB-UART bridge, IOT, ESP-WROOM-32 Dev Module, ESP32 DEVKITV1, Installing the ESP32 Board in Arduino IDE, Uploading sketch, Nokia 5110 Graphical LCD module, Nokia 5110 Graphical LCD 84x48 module

Attachments: library1 and sketch1; library2 and library2 and sketch2;

In this project, you need these parts :

1. ESP32 development board with WiFi and Bluetooth and USB A / micro USB B cable 1 pc

2.Arduino IDE ( you can download it from here )

3.Jumper cables F-F

4. Nokia 5110 LCD module 1 pc

General

We will learn how to connect Nokia 5110 LCD module with the ESP32 development board and use it.

There are a lot of different development boards made. You can find more information about them here.

Understanding the Nokia 5110 LCD module

You can read more about it here.

Understanding the ESP32 Development board with WiFi and Bluetooth

We will discuss here an Espressif Systems products. Our development board is using ESP-WROOM-32 module from Espressif Systems.

Espressif offers a wide range of fully-certified Wi-Fi & BT modules powered by their own advanced SoCs.

1. Dual-core Modules with Wi-Fi & Dual-mode Bluetooth

Features

Two independently-controlled CPU cores with adjustable clock frequency, ranging from 80 MHz to 240 MHz
+19.5 dBm output at the antenna ensures a good physical range
Classic Bluetooth for legacy connections, also supporting L2CAP, SDP, GAP, SMP, AVDTP, AVCTP, A2DP (SNK) and AVRCP (CT)
Support for Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) profiles including L2CAP, GAP, GATT, SMP, and GATT-based profiles like BluFi, SPP-like, etc
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) connects to smart phones, broadcasting low-energy beacons for easy detection
Sleep current is less than 5 μA, making it suitable for battery-powered and wearable-electronics applications
Integrates 4 MB flash
Peripherals include capacitive touch sensors, Hall sensor, low-noise sense amplifiers, SD card interface, Ethernet, high-speed SPI, UART, I2S and I2C
Fully certified with integrated antenna and software stacks

2. Single-core Modules with Wi-Fi & Dual-mode Bluetooth

Features

High-performance 160 MHz single-core CPU
+19.5 dBm output at the antenna ensures a good physical range
Classic Bluetooth for legacy connections, also supporting L2CAP, SDP, GAP, SMP, AVDTP, AVCTP, A2DP (SNK) and AVRCP (CT)
Support for Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) profiles including L2CAP, GAP, GATT, SMP, and GATT-based profiles like BluFi, SPP-like, etc
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) connects to smart phones, broadcasting low-energy beacons for easy detection
Sleep current is less than 5 μA, making it suitable for battery-powered and wearable-electronics applications
Peripherals include capacitive touch sensors, Hall sensor, low-noise sense amplifiers, SD card interface, Ethernet, high-speed SPI, UART, I2S and I2C
Fully certified with integrated antenna and software stacks

3. Single-core Modules with 802.11b/g/n 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi

Features

High-performance 160 MHz single-core CPU
+19.5 dBm output at the antenna ensures a good physical range
Sleep current is less than 20 μA, making it suitable for battery-powered and wearable-electronics applications
Peripherals include UART, GPIO, I2C, I2S, SDIO, PWM, ADC and SPI
Fully certified with integrated antenna and software stacks

There are different development Boards made by Espressif Systems and other manufacturers. We will publish some information about Espressif Systems boards but you can also find out more information about other development boards here.

1. 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi & BT/BLE Development Boards

Features

PC connectivity: USB
Power supply options: USB (by default), or 5V/GND header pins, or 3V3/GND header pins
SDK: ESP-IDF source code and example applications

2. 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi Development Boards

Features

PC connectivity: USB
SDK: ESP8266 SDK source code and example applications

3. 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi + BT/BLE + Sensor Development Boards

Features

PC connectivity: USB
SDK: ESP-IOT-SOLUTION source code and example applications

You can find more information (datasheets, schematics, pins descriptions, functional desgn descriptions) about each board by pressing Getting started link close to each board here.

ESP32 chip

ESP32 is a series of low cost, low power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. The ESP32 series employs a Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor in both dual-core and single-core variations and includes in-built antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters, and power management modules. ESP32 is created and developed by Espressif Systems, a Shanghai-based Chinese company, and is manufactured by TSMC using their 40 nm process. It is a successor to the ESP8266 microcontroller.

ESP32 can perform as a complete standalone system or as a slave device to a host MCU, reducing communication stack overhead on the main application processor. ESP32 can interface with other systems to provide Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functionality through its SPI / SDIO or I2C / UART interfaces.

ESP32 is highly-integrated with in-built antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters, and power management modules. ESP32 adds priceless functionality and versatility to your applications with minimal Printed Circuit Board (PCB) requirements.

ESP32 is capable of functioning reliably in industrial environments, with an operating temperature ranging from –40°C to +125°C. Powered by advanced calibration circuitries, ESP32 can dynamically remove external circuit imperfections and adapt to changes in external conditions.

Engineered for mobile devices, wearable electronics and IoT applications, ESP32 achieves ultra-low power consumption with a combination of several types of proprietary software. ESP32 also includes state-of-the-art features, such as fine-grained clock gating, various power modes and dynamic power scaling.

Functional Block Diagram:

Features of the ESP32 include the following:

Processors:

CPU: Xtensa dual-core (or single-core) 32-bit LX6 microprocessor, operating at 160 or 240 MHz and performing at up to 600 DMIPS
Ultra low power (ULP) co-processor
Memory: 520 KiB SRAM

Wireless connectivity:

Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g/n
Bluetooth: v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE

Peripheral interfaces:

12-bit SAR ADC up to 18 channels
2 × 8-bit DACs
10 × touch sensors (capacitive sensing GPIOs)
Temperature sensor
4 × SPI
2 × I²S interfaces
2 × I²C interfaces
3 × UART
SD/SDIO/CE-ATA/MMC/eMMC host controller
SDIO/SPI slave controller
Ethernet MAC interface with dedicated DMA and IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol support
CAN bus 2.0
Infrared remote controller (TX/RX, up to 8 channels)
Motor PWM
LED PWM (up to 16 channels)
Hall effect sensor
Ultra low power analog pre-amplifier

Security:

IEEE 802.11 standard security features all supported, including WFA, WPA/WPA2 and WAPI
Secure boot
Flash encryption
1024-bit OTP, up to 768-bit for customers
Cryptographic hardware acceleration: AES, SHA-2, RSA, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), random number generator (RNG)

Power management:

Internal low-dropout regulator
Individual power domain for RTC
5uA deep sleep current
Wake up from GPIO interrupt, timer, ADC measurements, capacitive touch sensor interrupt

You can find ESP32 chip datasheet here, hardware design here, technical reference manual here.

Signals and connections of Nokia 5110 LCD module

Operation at 3.3V

Many devices that can be used with an Arduino, require a power supply of 3.3V. This is also the case with the Nokia 5110.

Thanks to the internal clamp of the PCD8544 we can use a very simple level shifter. Four current limiting resistors of 10kΩ can do the job. When an LCD control line is high, the current through the 10kΩ resistor is just 40uA, so this is harmless. Note that we can't read back from the LCD with this circuit.

Operation at 5V

Because VDD max = 7V, the PCD8544 controller can handle 5V, but the Nokia 5110 LCD works best at 3.3V. The four resistors of 10 KOhm avoid streaks on the LCD display.

PCD8544 supply current versus supply voltage

In our project LCD runs at 3.3V so you'll need to use a level shifting chip (for example Bi-Directional Logic Level Converter or TXB0104) to use with a 5V microcontroller if it does not have 3.3V pin. The following will assume that is the case. If you're running a 3.3V microcontroller system, you can skip the level shifter.

Using the control lines

The Nokia 5110 LCD has 5 control lines; the interface is of the type SPI. Mostly, when no other SPI devices are used, the chip select can be connected to the GND, so 4 control lines stay over. To save Arduino pins, there is an option to use only 3 control lines, while the Nokia reset pin is connected to the Arduino reset. This works only when the serial monitor is used, not with a standalone Arduino.

Auto reset circuit

An option is to generate a reset pulse on power up automatically, with a RC combination, to save one control line to the Arduino. However, I found out that this solution is poorly reproducible; the proper functioning depends for instance on the capacitor across the 3.3V supply. Also the Arduino can't be used with the serial monitor anymore.

Nokia 5110 LCD with different connector wiring

Not all Nokia 5110 LCDs are the same. Although they look identical, the connector wiring can be completely different.

GND - ground

BL (or LED or LIGHT) - Backlight control. Connect to 3.3V power pin. It will be off if the pin is connected to GND pin of Arduino and on if it's connected to 3.3V power pin.

VCC - Power Supply from 2.7 – 3.3 V

CLK (or SCLK or SCK) - Serial Clock Line for SPI communication

DIN ( or DN or MOSI) - Serial Data Line for SPI communication

DC (or D/C) - Data/Command mode selection for data formats

CE (or SCE or CS ) - Chip enable input. The enable pin allows data to be clocked in. The signal is active LOW.

RST - External reset. This signal will reset the device and must be applied to properly initialize the chip. The signal is active LOW.

Signals and connections of the ESP32 Development board with WiFi and Bluetooth

You can find more information (datasheets, schematics, pins descriptions, functional desgn descriptions) about each board (made by Espresiff Systems) by pressing Getting started link close to each board here.

Let's check our development board - ESP32 DEVKITV1 with ESP-WROOM-32 module from Espressif Systems:

Pinout diagram for the ESP Wroom 32 breakout:

ESP32-WROOM-32 - ESP32-WROOM-32 module soldered to the development board. Optionally ESP32-WROOM-32D, ESP32-WROOM-32U or ESP32-SOLO-1 module may be soldered instead of the ESP32-WROOM-32.

USB-UART Bridge - A single chip USB-UART bridge provides up to 3 Mbps transfers rates.

BOOT button - Download button: holding down the Boot button and pressing the EN button initiates the firmware download mode. Then user can download firmware through the serial port.

EN button - Reset button: pressing this button resets the system.

Micro USB Port - USB interface. It functions as the power supply for the board and the communication interface between PC and the ESP module.

TX0, TX2 - transmit pin. GPIO pin

RX0, RX2 - receive pin. GPIO pin

3V3 (or 3V or 3.3V) - power supply pin (3-3.6V).

GND - ground pin.

EN - Chip enable. Keep it on high (3.3V) for normal operation.

Vin - External power supply 5VDC.

Wiring

Nokia 5110 Graphical LCD module ESP32 development board

RST GPIO 14

CE GPIO 5

DC GPIO 19

DIN GPIO 23

CLK GPIO 18

VCC 3V3

BL GPIO 27

GND G

Step by Step instruction

The ESP32 is currently being integrated with the Arduino IDE like it was done for the ESP8266. There’s an add-on for the Arduino IDE that allows you to program the ESP32 using the Arduino IDE and its programming language.

1. Installing ESP32 add-on in Arduino IDE (Windows 10 OS)

Download and install the latest Arduino IDE Windows Installer from arduino.cc
Download and install Git and Git GUI from git-scm.com
Search for Git GUI, right-click the icon and select “Run as administrator“
Select the Clone Existing Repository option.
Select source and destination. Source Location: https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32.git
Target Directory:C:/Users/[YOUR_USER_NAME]/Documents/Arduino/hardware/espressif/esp32
Do not create the espressif/esp32 folders, because they will be created automatically.
Click Clone to start cloning the repository.Wait a few seconds while the repository is being cloned.
Open the folder: C:/Users/[YOUR_USER_NAME]/Documents/Arduino/hardware/espressif/esp32/tools
Right-click the get.exe file and select “Run as administrator“.
You will see that necessary files will be downloaded and upzipped. It will take some time.
When get.exe finishes, you should see the following files in the directory.

2. Uploading sketch to ESP32 development board

Do wiring.
Plug the ESP32 development board to your PC and wait for the drivers to install (or install manually any that might be required).
Open Arduino IDE.
Open Boards manager. Go to Tools -> Board -> Boards Manager… (in our case it’s the DOIT ESP32 DEVKIT V1)
Select COM port that the board is attached to (if you don’t see the COM Port in your Arduino IDE, you need to install the ESP32 CP210x USB to UART Bridge VCP Drivers)
Compile and upload the sketch1 to your ESP32 development board. If everything went as expected, you should see a “Done uploading” message. (You need to hold the ESP32 on-board Boot button while uploading).
Press the ESP32 on-board EN button to reboot it.
Open the Serial Monitor at a baud rate of 115200. You will see Hello World message and timer on your Nokia 5110 Graphical LCD module.

Code

The code is well explained. Please see the sketch attached.

Nokia 5110 Graphical LCD module backlight powered from one of the GPIO pins (it's assigned to GPIO 27 by default). You can change BL (Backlight control) pin in the code.

Summary

We have learnt how to connect Nokia 5110 LCD module with the ESP32 development board and use it.

Libraries

All libraries attached on the begining of this project description.
SPI library included in your Arduino IDE.
PCD8544 library for ESP32 included.Download, unzip and add to libraries in our PC, for example C:\Users\toshiba\Documents\Arduino\libraries. This link you can find in Preferences of Adruino IDE program which installed in your PC. Code in the library was modified and suitable for ESP32 only.
Adafruit_PCD8544 library and Adafruit_GFX library (Adafruit GFX Graphics core which does all the circles, text, rectangles, etc.) for ESP32 included.Download, unzip and add to libraries in our PC, for example C:\Users\toshiba\Documents\Arduino\libraries. This link you can find in Preferences of Adruino IDE program which installed in your PC. Code in the Adafruit_PCD8544 library was modified and suitable for ESP32 only.